Common Health Problems in Chihuahuas: What Every Owner Should Know
Chihuahuas may be small, but when it comes to health, their needs are big. While they are generally long-lived and energetic, they are also one of the most fragile and genetically predisposed breeds to certain conditions.
Whether you’re a new Chihuahua parent or an experienced owner, understanding these common health problems can help you spot early warning signs, prevent long-term complications, and keep your dog feeling their best.
This guide covers the most common medical conditions in Chihuahuas — what causes them, how to recognize symptoms, and what to do if your pup is affected.
1. Dental Disease
The most widespread health problem in Chihuahuas is dental disease. Their small jaws lead to overcrowded teeth, which increases the risk of plaque buildup, gum inflammation (gingivitis), and tooth decay.
Signs to watch for:
- Bad breath
- Red or bleeding gums
- Loose teeth
- Drooling or pawing at the mouth
- Avoiding dry food or chewing on one side
Prevention tips:
- Brush teeth 3–5 times per week with dog-safe toothpaste
- Use VOHC-approved dental chews
- Provide annual professional dental cleanings
Learn more: Chihuahua Dental Care at Home
2. Luxating Patella (Slipping Kneecap)
This orthopedic condition causes the kneecap to move out of place, leading to limping, skipping, or sudden leg lifts. It’s a common issue in toy breeds, including Chihuahuas.
Grades range from 1 to 4, with higher grades often requiring surgery.
Symptoms:
- Intermittent limping or skipping gait
- Yelping when walking or running
- Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
Treatment:
- Mild cases: Weight management, joint supplements, physical therapy
- Severe cases: Corrective surgery
Related: Best Supplements for Chihuahuas
3. Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Chihuahua puppies are especially prone to dangerously low blood sugar, which can become life-threatening quickly.
Common in puppies under 6 months or very small adults.
Symptoms:
- Weakness or lethargy
- Trembling or shakiness
- Confusion or disorientation
- Seizures or collapse
Immediate action:
- Rub honey or corn syrup on gums (if conscious)
- Keep the dog warm
- Seek emergency vet care if symptoms persist
Prevent by feeding small meals regularly, especially in young or underweight dogs.
4. Collapsed Trachea
A collapsed trachea means the cartilage in your dog’s windpipe weakens and flattens, causing a characteristic honking cough or breathing difficulty.
Symptoms:
- Dry, persistent cough
- Coughing when excited or after exercise
- Trouble breathing or wheezing
- Gagging when wearing a collar
Prevention and care:
- Use a harness instead of a collar
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Medications to reduce inflammation or relax the airway
- Surgery in severe cases
5. Heart Disease
Chihuahuas are prone to heart murmurs and mitral valve disease, especially as they age. Regular vet visits help detect heart conditions early — before symptoms appear.
Watch for:
- Coughing (especially at night)
- Fatigue or collapse during exercise
- Labored breathing
- Swollen abdomen (fluid buildup)
Treatment:
- Medications to support heart function
- Sodium-restricted diets
- Monitoring via X-rays or echocardiograms
Related reading: Chihuahua Vaccination & Vet Care Schedule
6. Obesity
It doesn’t take much for a Chihuahua to become overweight — even a few extra ounces can affect their joints, heart, and overall mobility.
Causes:
- Overfeeding or too many treats
- Lack of exercise
- Feeding human food
Risks:
- Increases risk of joint issues, diabetes, and liver disease
- Exacerbates tracheal collapse and breathing problems
Prevention:
- Use a Chihuahua-specific feeding schedule
- Stick to low-calorie, high-protein diets
- Measure food portions and weigh your dog monthly
7. Eye Conditions
Chihuahuas have prominent, round eyes that are susceptible to injury, infections, and genetic disorders like glaucoma or dry eye (KCS).
Signs of eye trouble:
- Excessive tearing or discharge
- Squinting or pawing at the eyes
- Cloudiness or redness
- Eye bulging or sudden vision loss
What to do:
- Gently wipe with a clean, damp cloth daily
- Use vet-prescribed eye drops if needed
- Seek prompt care for trauma or swelling
8. Temperature Sensitivity
Due to their small size and thin coat, Chihuahuas are sensitive to both cold and heat.
Cold weather risks:
- Hypothermia
- Shivering and stiffness
- Reluctance to go outside
Hot weather risks:
- Heat exhaustion
- Panting, drooling, or collapse
Prevention:
- Use sweaters in winter
- Avoid walks during peak heat
- Never leave a Chihuahua in a parked car
When to See the Vet
If you notice any of these symptoms in your Chihuahua, contact your veterinarian:
- Refusal to eat or drink for more than 24 hours
- Difficulty breathing
- Sudden collapse or seizure
- Limping that lasts more than a day
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
- Significant behavior change
Early intervention can reduce medical costs and save your dog’s life.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the health risks Chihuahuas face is one of the best ways to become a more confident, prepared, and responsible owner.
With the right knowledge and a proactive care routine, most of these issues can be prevented or managed — giving your dog the long, healthy life they deserve.
This article is part of our full health series. Continue learning below.